Frequently asked questions

A product carbon footprint is the total greenhouse gas emissions and removals linked to one unit of a product across its life cycle, expressed in kg CO2e. It is calculated under standards such as ISO 14067:2018 or the GHG Protocol Product Standard (2011).

An LCA can measure many environmental impacts, such as water use, air pollution and land use, across a product's life. A carbon footprint uses the same life cycle method but looks only at one impact: climate change.

Cradle-to-gate covers a product from raw material extraction up to the moment it leaves your factory gate. It leaves out distribution, use and end of life. It is the usual boundary for intermediate products such as castings, yarn or chemicals.

No Indian law makes ISO 14067 mandatory for products as of October 2026. It is a voluntary international standard, but export buyers and tenders may ask for a footprint calculated to ISO 14067 and verified, for example under ISO 14064-3:2019.

An EPD is a verified, published declaration of a product's LCA results under ISO 14025:2006, following a product category rule. It usually includes the carbon footprint along with other impacts, while a PCF covers climate change only and may or may not be published.

Because your product is part of their Scope 3, and many buyers have climate targets and reporting duties. EU rules such as CBAM for steel, aluminium, cement and fertilisers, and carbon footprint rules for some batteries, also push importers to collect supplier emissions data.

No. They overlap, but CBAM under Regulation (EU) 2023/956 has its own rules for which emissions count and how they are monitored and verified. A good PCF and plant-level data make CBAM reporting easier, but they do not replace it.

Not on that basis alone. A PCF only measures emissions. Carbon neutrality claims have their own standards, such as ISO 14068:2026 (formerly ISO 14068-1:2023), and usually need reductions, offsets of a stated quality and public disclosure.