I to M

ICVCM and Core Carbon Principles

The Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM) is an independent body that published its Core Carbon Principles (CCPs) in 2023. Credits that pass its checks can carry a "CCP" label, which is meant to signal higher quality.

IPCC

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Nations body that assesses climate science. Its Sixth Assessment Report (AR6, 2021-2023) is the main reference for climate facts, GWP values and many of the definitions in this glossary.

ISO 14064

A family of international standards for measuring, reporting and verifying greenhouse gases. Part 1 covers organisations, Part 2 covers projects and Part 3 covers validation and verification.

Leakage

When a project reduces emissions in one place but causes them to rise somewhere else. If protecting one forest pushes logging to a nearby forest, part of the benefit "leaks" away.

LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment)

An India-led mass movement that encourages everyday choices such as saving energy and water and cutting waste. Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched Mission LiFE on 20 October 2022 at Ekta Nagar, Gujarat, with the UN Secretary-General (PIB, 2022).

LULUCF

Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry: the part of a GHG inventory that covers carbon stored or released by forests, crops, grasslands and soils. India's 2020 inventory shows net emissions of 2,437 million tonnes CO2e with LULUCF, compared with 2,959 million tonnes without it (BUR-4, PIB, 2025). BUR-4 used IPCC AR2 GWP values; India's First Biennial Transparency Report (BTR-1, MoEFCC), which uses AR5 values, gives 3,396 million tonnes without LULUCF and 2,824 million tonnes net with it for 2022, so the two sets are not directly comparable.

Methane (CH4)

A strong greenhouse gas from rice paddies, livestock, landfills, coal mines and gas leaks. IPCC AR6 (2021) puts its lifetime in the air at about 12 years, much shorter than CO2, but traps far more heat per tonne while it is there.

MRV (measurement, reporting and verification)

The system of measuring emissions or reductions, reporting them in a set format and having them checked by an independent party. Weak MRV is one of the main reasons some carbon claims are not trusted.